Ahargaṇa Calculations

Of this current Kalpa, six Manus (Manvantaras) with their respective twilight periods have already passed. And of the current Manu, Vaivasvata, twenty-seven Mahayugas (Chatur-Yugas) have elapsed.

Of the twenty-eighth Yuga (of this Manu), the first one, namely the Krita Yuga (Satya Yuga), has passed. From this data, let one calculate the elapsed time by adding up the sums together.

Calculating Total Years Spent in Kaliyuga

According to traditional Indian astronomical and historical records (referenced by astronomers like Aryabhata and in texts like the Vishnu Purana), King Vikramaditya established the Vikram Samvat era exactly 3,044 years after the onset of Kaliyuga.

• Epoch of Kaliyuga: Year 0
• Epoch of Vikram Samvat: Year 3044 of Kaliyuga

Therefore, to find the elapsed Kaliyuga year at any given Vikram Samvat year, you simply add the foundational interval of 3,044 years:

Total Years Passed =Vikram Samvat Year + 3044

Total Years Passed = 1884 + 3044 = 4928 (Lets take a reference of 1884 Vikram Samvat i.e. 1827 CE for our calculations)

The 4,928 years represents the number of Kaliyuga years that had fully elapsed at the precise moment 1884 Vikram Samvat began (which corresponds to the Chaitra New Year in the spring of 1827 CE).

In traditional Indian astronomy and calendars, time is measured in elapsed (gatā) years rather than current years. So when the calendar clicks over to 1884 Vikram Samvat, it means exactly 1,827 years of that era have finished, and exactly 4,928 years of Kaliyuga have finished.

Now completing the table above, we get below final table.

While He (Brahma) was creating the planets, stars, gods, demons, and all animate and inanimate beings, forty-seven thousand four hundreds (47,400) divine years elapsed before the true motions of the planets began.

Solar Years spent (in this Kalpa) in the creation of the current universe

= 47,400 X 360

= 17,064,000 Solar Years

Mathematical Meaning of this Verse

Just like your previous calculations, this verse uses a poetic word-number (Bhūta-saṅkhyā) to encode the exact number of Divine Years Brahma spent in the preliminary creation phase:

• Kṛta (कृत): represents 4 (signifying the 4 Yugas or 4 faces of Brahma)
• Adri (अद्रि): represents 7 (signifying the 7 primary mountains or ranges)
• Veda (वेद): represents 4 (signifying the 4 Vedas)

Following the rule of reversal (Aṅkānām Vāmato Gati), reading 4, 7, 4 from right to left gives 474.

Note on Chronological Computation: Having established the total number of cosmic solar years (Saura Varṣa) fully elapsed from the dawn of creation up to our baseline epoch of 1979 Vikram Samvat (1922 CE), the computational sequence now shifts from macro-cosmic eras to localized civil time.

In accordance with the Ahargana (civil day-count) algorithm defined in the Surya Siddhanta (1.48–52), the next phase of the calculation requires converting the remaining interval—stretching from the commencement of 1979 Vikram Samvat down to the current target date—into precise lunar months, accounting for intercalary additions (Adhikamāsa) and omitted lunar days (Kṣaya Tithis), to derive the final net elapsed civil days.

NOTE: Below three slokas will be used to compute total lunar months in a Mahayuga

In a Yuga (Mahayuga), the orbital revolutions of the Sun, and of the conjunction-points (Śīghra) of Mercury and Venus, moving eastward, are 4,320,000

The revolutions of the Moon (Indu) are 57,753,336; and those of Mars (Kuja) are 2,296,832

The lunar months (Śaśino Māsa) are equal to the difference between the number of revolutions of the Moon and of the Sun. The remainder, when the number of solar months (Ravi Māsa) is subtracted from that total number of lunar months, is the number of intercalary months (Adhimāsakāḥ).”

So based on above 3 slokas,

Total lunar months in a Mahayuga

= Revolutions of Moon in Mahayuga – Revolutions of Sun in Mahayuga

= 57,753,336 – 4,320,000

= 53,433,336

NOTE: Solar tracking and lunar tracking are fundamentally different cycles, Surya Siddhanta (and the broader mathematical framework used by scholars like Dr. B. V. Raman) force US to calculate Total Solar Months first, and then use that number as the baseline to find the Lunar Months. It is due to algorithmic efficiency. It is a mathematical shortcut based on the fact that we cannot easily count “lunar months passed” directly from a calendar date, because lunar months do not align cleanly with solar years.

Instead, the system anchors itself to the highly predictable solar calendar and mathematically “converts” it using cosmic proportions. Here is exactly how that logic works:

Total Solar Months = (Solar Years X 12) + Solar Months of current year

Also from this sloka

Intercalary months (Adhikamasa) = Lunar Months – Solar Months

If we rewrite this equation algebraically to solve for Lunar Months, it becomes:

Total Lunar Months  =  Total Solar Months  + Total Intercalary Months

This formula proves that if you can figure out how many extra leap-months (Adhikamasas) accumulated during those solar months, you automatically find the true number of lunar months.

This formula will be used later in our calculations to calculate Total Lunar Months.

NOTE: Below slokas will be used to compute total Lunar and Solar days passed since the beginning.

The number of lunar days in a Mahayuga are 1,577,917,828. The number of tithi in a Mahayuga are 1,603,000,080.

The number of intercalary months (Adhimasaka) in a Mahayuga is 1,593,336. The number of omitted lunar days (Kshaya Tithi) in a Mahayuga is 25,082,252.

The number of solar months (Ravi Masa) in a Mahayuga is 51,840,000. The total number of terrestrial civil days (Kuha / Kudina) is equal to the number of terrestrial risings of the stars (Bhudaya / sidereal revolutions of the Earth) diminished by the number of revolutions of the Sun.

To the sum of years elapsed since the end of the creation phase, add the number of elapsed years of the current era. Multiply this total number of years by 12 to convert them into months, and then add the number of elapsed lunar months of the current year, beginning with the bright half of the month of Madhu (Chaitra).

Keep this sum of months in a separate place. Multiply it by the total number of intercalary months (Adhikamasa) in a Kalpa, and divide the product by the total number of solar months in a Kalpa. Add the resulting number of intercalary months to the original sum of months. Convert this combined sum of months into days (by multiplying by 30), and add the number of elapsed lunar days (Tithis) of the current month.

Write down this total number of lunar days in two separate places. Multiply one of them by the total number of omitted days (Kshaya Tithis) in a Kalpa, and divide the product by the total number of lunar days in a Kalpa. Subtract the resulting number of omitted days (Unaratra) from the second value of lunar days. The final result is the total number of elapsed civil days (Ahargana) at midnight on the meridian of Lanka.

Dr. B.V.Raman used a date of 2nd May, 1827 having sṛṣṭyādi ahargaṇa of 714,404,096,641 days i.e. it includes the date of 2nd May, 1827. This was Vaishakha month with tithi as S6.

Below table shows the detailed calculations that we are done to get this number.

In the table below, Note that the two highlighted rows #8 and #15. In these two formulas we are doing the calculations with billions and ignoring the decimals part to get the perfect number.

Hence for step #8 we are getting 721,384,691 rather than 721,384,691.5832890

Similarly for step #15 we are getting 11,356,018,205 rather than 11,356,018,205.8161

As the table below shows, the final number that Dr. B.V. Raman provided matches, 714,404,096,641.

NOTE: One more table is given below taking decimals into consideration. That results the TOTAL AHARGAN for 2^nd May 1827 (including 2^nd May 1827) as 714,404,096,657.682

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